Week 4 Assignment Plagiarism English Language Essay

Week 4 Assignment Plagiarism English Language Essay According to the American Association of University Professors, plagiarism is taking over the ideas, methods, or written words of another, without acknowledgment and with the intention that they be taken as the work of the deceiver (Roig, 2006). Plagiarism takes many forms and cannot always be easy to recognize, but this paper will discuss some of the common forms that plagiarism can take, how to recognize it and then give a practical example of it in action. There are many ways that a writer can plagiarize the work of another, some of the quite purposeful, others inadvertent and still others out of ignorance. When most people think about plagiarize, they probably think about someone simply cutting and pasting the work of one person directly into their work. With the advent of computers and the Internet, this has certainly become easier. Another form of plagiarism is to present the ideas of another that are not yet in common knowledge as ones own (Roig, 2006), The failure to adequately cite the source of information that one is using, both in-text and in ones reference section,. is also a common (although sometimes an inadvertent) form of plagiarism (Walden University, n.d). Perhaps the most common form of plagiarism, though, results from problems in the proper use of paraphrasing the work of an author that one is using on ones work (Roig, 2006). While it can be a simple matter of a lack of knowing the best ways to paraphrase an author (Walden University, n.d.), it is still wrong. There are several ways in which paraphrasing can lead to plagiarism, First of all, a write can simply make a few changes in word choose or word order, but still keep the basic thrust of the authors ideas (Walden University, n.d). Another problem can come when a writer does not provide a proper in-text citation for a paraphrase, thus leaving the reader with the idea that the work was original (Walden University, n.d). Yet another source of paraphrasing error is to distort the original meaning of the work cited (Roig, 2006), Finally, a writer needs to be sure that if they do use some exact phrases from another author in their paraphrase, the use quotations marks to identify those words, and also provide the proper citation. How can one recognize plagiarism? There are actually many ways that one can detect it in anothers work. First of all, there are a number of software programs that will compare the work of the writer with other published material, and then report specific potential problems. This method will probably work best with examples of direct copying or paraphrasing with inadequate citations. One can also simply take a suspect phrase and run that through a search engine to see if the material is or is not original. Another effective way of detecting plagiarism is a result of knowing what can be called the literary fingerprint of a writer. Everyone has a unique style to their writing-word choice, sentence structure and length and even idiosyncratic ways of thinking, and when one is familiar with that, it will be fairly easy to detect plagiarism. It is also useful for a reader to be familiar with the field in which the author is writing. Familiarity with the major sources and authors will help a reader spot the times when a writer is taking credit for anothers work. If one suspects that a particular section of a work is not original, one good technique for verification is to look at the suspect work and the original work next to each other. This helps a reader recognize many potential examples of poor paraphrasing, improper citation or direct copying. As an example of this process, following are an original text and the text written by a student for comparison. These examples are taken from Crossen, 1994 and (Coun 6100) Doctors, whose first allegiance is supposed to be to their patients, have traditionally stood between drug company researchers and trusting consumers. Yet unless there is evidence of misconduct (the deliberate misrepresentation of something as fact by someone who knows it is not), it is very difficult to discover and virtually impossible to prove that a piece of biomedical research has been tainted by conflict of interest. No study is perfect, and problems arise in the labs of even the most conscientious and honest researchers. Although biomedical research incorporates rigorous scientific rules and is often critically scrutinized by peers, the information can nevertheless be warped-by ending a study because the results are disappointing; changing rules mid-study; not trying to publish negative results; publicizing preliminary results even with final and less positive results in hand; skimming over or even not acknowledging drawbacks; and, especially, casting the results in the best l ight or, as scientists say, buffing them. Consumers must trust that the research that has gone into the manufacture of new drugs is safe. But it is hard to know if a conflict of interest between doctors, researchers, and the drug company stockholders has tainted the results. Biomedical researchers incorporate strict rules of science into their work, which is examined by peers. Yet the resulting information can be warped for five reasons: ending a study too soon, not publishing negative results, publishing results too early, skimming over or ignoring drawbacks, and buffing the results by showing them in the best light (Crossen, 1994, p. 167). (Coun 6100, Week 4, n.d., para. 7) In this example, it is not too difficult to identify the ways in which the writer plagiarized their source material. One of the first examples, and it is glaring, is that they do a poor job of accurately including citations in their work. One can quickly see several examples of sentences that seem to represent the thought of the source writer but that are not individually cited. The writer also follows the basic sentence pattern and argument flow of the source author, which is one type of plagiarism. With the exception of one rather poorly though-out sentence that implausibly involves stockholders in a conspiracy to distort results, one can clearly see that the writer simply took the source material and made a few changes and allows the reader to think that the ideas expressed are their own. The last two sentences of the writers paragraph are very obviously plagiarized from their source, including some word-for-word copying of that source, without proper citation. Specifically the list of ways in which studies can be distorted is a combination of some word-for-word copying of the source without proper citation and some poor paraphrasing, which leaves the reader unsure about what part of the work is the writers and what part belongs to the source. A better way of summarizing the last two sentences might be: Crossen (1994) argues that even research that would seem to be scientific on the surface nevertheless can be warped for five reasons: ending a study too soon, not publishing negative results, publishing results too early, skimming over or ignoring drawbacks, and buffing the results by showing them in the best light (p. 167). I use several strategies to avoid plagiarism. First of all, I use a program, Viper (http://www.Viper.com), to check all my work for plagiarism before I submit it for an assignment. Secondly, I try to follow the suggestion from the Purdue Online Writing Lab (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/). I have found that their suggestions are very helpful as one approaches an assignment. Finally, I try to read as widely in a field as I can beyond the assigned material, as this helps me have a good understanding of my topic, and it makes it less likely that I will improperly paraphrase anothers work. Practice Paraphrasing Original Source, OConnor, (2003) A good writer is one you can read without breaking a sweat. If you want a workout, you dont lift a book-you lift weights. Yet were brainwashed to believe that the more brilliant the writer, the tougher the going. The truth is that the reader is always right. Chances are, if something youre reading doesnt make sense, its not your fault-its the writers. And if something you write doesnt get your point across, its probably not the readers fault-its yours. Too many readers are intimidated and humbled by what they cant understand, and in some cases thats precisely the effect the writer is after. But confusion is not complexity; its just confusion. A venerable tradition, dating back to the ancient Greek orators, teaches that if you dont know what youre talking about, just ratchet up the level of difficulty and no one will ever know. Dont confuse simplicity, though, with simplemindedness. A good writer can express an extremely complicated idea clearly and make the job look effortless. But such simplicity is a difficult thing to achieve because to be clear in your writing you have to be clear in your thinking. This is why the simplest and clearest writing has the greatest power to delight, surprise, inform, and move the reader. You cant have this kind of shared understanding if writer and reader are in an adversary relationship. (pp. 195-196) Paraphrase: OConner (2003) argued that an authors goal should be communication, not confusion- connection, not conflict. She argues that while writing in such a way that the reader is left feeling stupid or confused might make the writer feel superior, it only makes the going tough for the reader, and does not accomplish the goal of making a meaningful connection with the reader. She adds that while it is much easier to be an obtuse writer, but it makes more sense for an author to envision their readers as friends than as enemies, if they wish to excite, not overwhelm. I think that I have several strengths when it comes to paraphrasing. First of all, I love to write and have a fairly large vocabulary, so I can usually think of creative ways to re-state what an author has said. Secondly, I am widely read in this field, so I usually have a clear understanding of what an author is saying, so I am comfortable accurately paraphrasing the basic meaning of a passage. Finally, because I am confident in my topic and what I am intending to say, I only look to other author;s to support my point, whereas it seems as though some writers almost use another author to make their point for them. When one uses a writer to essentially write for them, rather than just support them, there is a greater tendency, I think, to poor paraphrasing and expecially poor use of citations. I think that my biggest need to a technical one:knowing when and exactly where to use a citation in an extended paraphrase, and when a direct quote might be best. There have been times when it might have been best to include several in-text citations, for example, rather than one, and it not always clear which course of action is best. I have found several websites to which I refer on a regular basis to help me be clear on the best paraphrase and itation course to take. I fnd that Purdues site (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/) is very helpful, as is the Plagairism.org site (http://www.plagiarism.org/). Finally, I re-read Roig (2006) from time to time, as I find his discussion, most especially his emphasis on the plagiarism of ideas, to be very challenging.

All the written substance in a document Essay

Explain the importance of purpose, audience, tone, and content in academic writing. Purpose: Identifies the reason(s) why a writer creates a document. The common academic purposes are summery analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Audience: Identifies the individual(s) or group(s) whom the writer intends to address Tone: Identifies a writer’s attitude toward his or her subject and audience. Content: All the written substance in a document ————————————————- In academic writing the purpose, audience, tone and content are important because without one the writers point will not be expressed to it s full content. The writer has to have a purpose or they will not have a subject to write about. Having a purpose is like the hart of it all because if there was not a purpose there would not be a story or a reason. When writing a writer has to think about what age will be reading his work which then will in tell how he or she is going to word there story or subject. If a writer did not think of the age of his or her readers then one would not have the vocabulary, understanding or the meaning of what is being read to them or what they are reading. When a writer writes a story it will be different then when he or she writes to friends and family. The tone is the attitude of what is being written. It is suppose to captivate the readers to make them want to continue reading till the end. With tone the writer can also express feeling and emotion by t he way they use their choice of words and exclamations. The content impacts the readers feel about the subject at the end of the story or subject that is being written about. They should be able to follow your story easily, it should flow together like a poem the story should inform them of the subject, and should not leave them with any questions at the end. In academic writing it is important to have the purpose, audience, tone, and content in your writing because they all work  with each other to make a successful and interesting story or subject.

Lord of the Flies †Break Down of Society Essay

Civilization is the key to keeping society in order. If many individuals lose this civilized state, the society they are in begins to break down. Ralph, Simon, and Jack are the major problems with the breakdown of their society. Anything done in a community, whether it is multiple actions or nothing at all, can change it for better or for worse. Firstly, Simon is inactive in the social order of the boys and isolates himself from them. Secondly, Ralph has attained leadership over everyone which sets Jack’s leadership off. Ralph tries to bring order to the island which in turn causes a breakdown and defect of a group of boys. Lastly, Jack is the main point that caused their society to breakdown. One of the bigger – but not the biggest – problems in a social order breakdown is people who do not take part in the control. Simon does not part take in the actions and feud between Ralph and Jack in order to feel that he is not part of it. During the day, arguments usually happen. This is when Simon isolates himself in what he calls his â€Å"mat of creepers† (160). He roams around at night causing paranoia among the boys as he appears to be the beast. This activeness at night is to achieve a feeling that he is not changing the society that is trying to be made. When Simon does try to bring forth information and help them, he was killed by the savage boys – â€Å"he was murdered† (172) as said by Ralph. This is the first human-related death on Jack’s behalf, the one death that is leading the boys on the island into savagery and a major loss of their civilized state of mind. However, even someone’s leadership can cause people to break from a group and bring downfall to the whole group. Ralph’s leadership style is one that one boy on the island did not agree with. This caused him to defect from the group and form his own society. Ralph leads with a democratic manner – with safety and rescue – whereas Jack leads with a dictatorship style – with hunting and having everything go his way. When Jack goes, all the boys follow, and this leaves Ralph with nothing forcing him to leave his civilized manner and do what he can to survive. The society is broken when the â€Å"savages† (as they are called â€Å"when Ralph stared into the savages eyes† on page 220) start to hunt for a human-being instead of a pig. With people who bring the evil ways of living into a civilized group of people, they turn and lose that civilized manner. Jack represents the evil side of mankind. Jack leads with the way of survival, not rescue. He has lots of power because he instills fear within the boys which allows him to control them. Jack and his hunters do not want to feel guilt for this way of leading or even for the killing. The boys do this by â€Å"painting their faces so they wouldn’t see† (59). This is referring to them not wanting their conscience to see that they are slowing bringing their society to a breaking point. When Jack kills the first pig, he feels a sense of pride and accomplishment. This causes him to lose part of his civilized state to further progress this killing. He then kills a sow with piglets and then a human being – Simon. This killing spree has caused Jack to completed lose his civilized state and is able to hunt Ralph – another human being – without putting any face paint on at all. He then has the ability to kill without feeling guilt or remorse. Societies that face dystopia in their worst time will start to become dismembered and break apart. Anyone can break from society and cause it to come crashing down. Simon managed to by imputing nothing and furthering Jack’s feeling of completion, Ralph did by being a good leader and pushing Jack away to his own society and Jack did by losing his civilized manner to become a savage. Whether the breakdown is caused by someone being really good, really bad, or even in between, anything and anyone can destroy a society with a simple little action.

The Importance Of A Human Resources Director - 1908 Words

With the ever changing economy many companies today must evaluate strategies and practices to allow for optimum diversification and financial success. With the changing the marketplace organizations may turn to mergers and acquisitions to further diversify their business portfolio and expand their reach within the community. As organizations merge there are many variables that need to be considered, namely the employees which are the most important asset of both entities. Leilani Industries which is an organization primarily focused on the procurement of materials used in films has recently decided that a smart business venture would be to partner with Logan Principles a group of marketing professionals that work to heavily promote new and upcoming films. This merger would be quite lucrative for both organizations as it would broaden the platform that the two organizations use to further secure more business. 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A Dystopian Novel 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1997 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: 1984 Essay Did you like this example? George Orwell, is a English novelist, essayist, and critic who is famous for his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four. The novel 1984 is a dystopian novel that tells the story of Winston Smith and how is tries to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he lives.A Dystopian novel is a society that is as dehumanizing and is uncomfortable to all that live in it.Orwell wrote 1984 to warn society about what would happen if we accept totalitarian governments into society. In comparison to the soviet union the book 1984 mimicked some ideas from Joseph stalin such as: torture, censorship and propaganda, a big political figure, Vaporizing or killing, and the secret police.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Dystopian Novel 1984" essay for you Create order Joseph Stalin started a campaign called the Great Purge or as some like to call it The Great Terror. This campaigns main motive was to kill any remaining members of the communist party and anyone who was a threat. More than millions were sent to labor camps and thousands were killed. During the great purge the began a thing called the moscow trials. The moscow trails were where those who were accused do being a traitor and spies were forced into confessing after being tortured and interrogated. Stalins terror and torture ultimately made everyone bow down to him. Similarly in 1984 acts of terror and torture were used to run Big Brothers dictatorship.The use of torture is direct parallel to the soviet union because In 1984 winston cried out to O’brien. Do anything to me! he yelled. Youve been starving me for weeks. Finish it off and let me die. Shoot me. Hang me. Sentence me to twenty-five years. Is there somebody else you want me to give away? Just say who it is and I’ll tell you anything you want. I dont care who it is or what you do to them.(pg 236-237). While in the interrogation room winston stated thatâ€Å"there were five or six men in black uniforms at him simultaneously. Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, and sometimes it was boots†¦.There were other times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain†(pg 240). In the soviet union the torture they went through were called , â€Å"The trials, which became known as the Moscow Trials, were clearly staged events. The accused admitted to being traitors and spies. Later, historians learned that the defendants agreed to these forced confessions only after being interrogated, threatened and tortured.†(history.com). Also,â€Å"Stalin’s acts of terror and torture broke the Soviet people’s spirits and effectively eliminated certain groups of citizens, such as intellectuals and artists. His reign as dictator also made his people completely dependent on the state.†(history.com). In the book winston, â€Å" did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether the effect was electrically produced, but his body was being wrenched out of shape, the joints were being slow torn apart†¦ he set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying to keep silent.. â€Å" you are afraid† said O’brien†¦ â€Å"that in any moment something is going to break†( pg 245). In the book the ministry of love was a building where people got tortured until they believed in big brother. It enforces loyalty to Big Brother through fear. Similar to the Soviet Union they they were tortured and brought to their lowest until they couldn’t helped themselves and they were helpless. The torture influenced anyone who went through it to do anything. In the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin used censorship and propaganda to keep control of his citizens. To make sure revolts didnt happen â€Å"Stalin made sure that his regime was not criticised by having his close friends run the press.† also, â€Å" he had history books rewritten to put him in favourable light †¦.He even had himself credited as the brains behind the reform of Russias economic condition during Lenins rule.†(sahistory). Because Stalin had control over the books and textbooks it gave him control over the youth. Later youth groups started popping up that train children in socialism and they were lead to believe that stalin is god like. In the soviet union,stalin used the cult of personality, As a way to hold Stalin to a higher pedestal than god. He wanted to make sure that anyone who doubted him was killed. He didn’t erase peoples memory He rewrote history in his favor. The use of censorship and propaganda is a direct parallel to 1984 because in the book Winston said â€Å"if all records told the same tale then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past, ran the Party slogan, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past. †¦..Whatever was true now was true from everlasting to everlasting. †¦.All that was needed was an unending series of victories over your own memory. Reality control, they called it: in Newspeak, doublethink. (1.3.18). Winstons jobs consisted of â€Å" continuous alteration †¦.. to every kind of literature or documentation which might conceivably hold any political or ideological significance.† (1.4.8). In soviet union and INGSOC use censorship and propaganda in different ways to come out with the same result. In 1984, the work Winston does is to make the Party’s seem eternal and inevitable, by erasing any evidence of mistakes, poor decisions, and opportunities for the Party’s actions to be criticized. Because of that it confuses the citizens and to make them doubt their own memory. Also, the Party also disrupts personal loyalties to anything other than the party. The downfall of being a dictator is not knowing who is following the rules at all times without having an inside man or group. Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps. Joseph Stalin was notorious for seeking out people who opposed him and killing them. â€Å"In 1934, it became known as the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs, which in Russian is abbreviated to NKVD. The main purpose of the NKVD was national security, and they made sure their presence was well known. People were arrested and sent to work camps for the most mundane things. Individuals would report on their friends and neighbors because they feared that the NKVD would come for them if they did not report suspicious activity.† (crime museum). â€Å"Stalin ruled by terror and with a totalitarian grip in order to eliminate anyone who might oppose him. He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps.† (History.com). Similarly in 1984 Big brother knew he couldnt control everything and so he rallied up two groups. One was the thought Police. In the book Winston says that â€Å"The thought police would get him just the same. He had committedwould have committed, even if he had never set pen to paperthe essential crime that contained all others in itself. Thoughtcrime, they called it. Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever. You might dodge successfully for a while, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound to get you. [Book 1, Chapter 1] A big political figure is important in this type of society because it gives the rest of the society something to believe. In 1984 â€Å"Just like a tyrant, a despot, a god, or a dictator, big brother demands complete obedience to his rules and laws† (enotes).The black mustachioed face gazed down from every commanding corner. There was one on the house-front immediately opposite. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption said , while the dark eyes looked deep into Winstons own. Down at street level another poster, torn at one corner, flapped fitfully in the wind, alternately covering and uncovering the single word INGSOC. (1.1.4). In 1984 big brother wanted their only to be love in his peoples hearts for only him so he outlawed sexual intercourse and relationships because that showed that you love someone other than him. While big brother was never an actual figure it meant something, Big brother is used â€Å"when you talk about dictators and their authoritarian governments, or to describe abusive intrusions of more democratic governments into their citizens privacy.†(vocabulary). The basic meaning of big brother is a dictator. In the soviet union Joseph Stalin was a modern day big brother. â€Å"Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign..† (History). Joseph Stalin ruled over his people by putting fear in their hearts. So tha t if theyll never disobey him so he would have a problem with revolts .By having a powerful political figure your showing that their power is unmovable and can’t be terminated. They are viewed as all knowing and if you don’t follow them then you’re wrong and get punished. Both big brother and Stalin made others disappear or vaporized according to George Orwell for disobeying the political figure. â€Å"Stalin had eliminated all likely potential opposition to his leadership by late 1934 and was the unchallenged leader of both party and state. Nevertheless, he proceeded to purge the party rank and file and to terrorize the entire country with widespread arrests and executions. Stalin ruled as absolute dictator of the Soviet Union throughout World War II and until his death in March 1953.†(loc). One of the things Stalin did was â€Å"Not only in such things as the faked public trials, the disappearance of leading figures, of writers, of physicists, even of astronomers, but in the invention of a factually non-existent society†.(Guardian). Stalin made sure he made others that wanted to run against him â€Å"disappear† by killing them to make sure he stayed in power. To further prevent revolts he killed off those he denied that he was god by having purges to put fear in anyone who thought about disobeying him. In 1984 the act of making someone â€Å"disappear† was called vaporizing winston said that People simply disappeared, always during the night. Your name was removed from the registers, every record of everything you had ever done was wiped out, your one-time existence was denied and then forgotten. You were abolished, annihilated:vaporized was the usual word†(Chapter 1). He also said that The diary would be reduced to ashes and himself to vapour . Only the Thought Police would read what he had written, before they wiped it out of existence and out of memory. How could you make appeal to the future when not a trace of you, not even an anonymous word scribbled on a piece of paper, could physically survive? [Book 1, Chapter 2]. Big brother ultimately made others disappear before they could uncover any secrets that could destroy the party. When you were vaporized people remember you but that delete evidence that you were evening living, so when the the new generation came you wouldnt even be remember. This was one of big brother tactics to insure absolute control. Orwell wrote 1984 to show us that society like what he wrote already has happened and can happen again. He compared The Soviet Union and the book 1984 through five comparisons: torture, censorship and propaganda, a big political figure, Vaporizing or killing , and the secret police. While there are other comparisons such as superstates and the party they represent there are other dystopian society that have already happened such as hitler. He used the Joseph Stalins rule over russia to show the comparisons of things that can happen if we dont heed his warning.

Essay Racial and Ethnic Identity - 909 Words

The African, Mexican, and Native persons have all interacted with the Dominant American culture in some magnitude; consequently altering each different group’s racial and ethnic Identity. Throughout the semester, I have discovered that in much literature writers had an ideal perspective on their own identity as well as the identity that the dominant culture influenced them to have. While doing some research I wanted to see what would be a transitional time frame for a person to be un-conditioned of many negative symbolic meanings in regard to minorities and immigrants. My research has shown that there was a hierarchical scheme where an individual can monitor his/her identity progression from one level to the next. This†¦show more content†¦This mindset is shown in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. Pecola visited and knew three women above her apartment who embraced their lifestyle. Speaking about them Pecola says, â€Å"Sugar coated whores, they called them, and did not yearn to be in their shoes. Their only respect was for what they would have described as good Christian colored women† (Morrison 56). The second stage in the process of developing racial and ethnic identity is encounter. This is when a person â€Å"questions the negative stereotypes that have become a part of their ethnic identity. This is evident in How it Feels to be Colored Me by Zora Neale Hurston. She mentions her first encounter when she realized she was different; â€Å"It seemed that I had suffered a sea change. I was not Zora of Orange County anymore. I was now a colored girl. I found it out in certain ways. In my heart as well as in the mirror, I became a fast brown warranted not to rub or run† (Hurston). The third stage is Immersion-Emersion. This is when a person begins to rid themselves of their ethnic self-hatred and discover their traditional culture and customs (Cushner, McClelland and Safford). This is evident in The School Days of an Indian Girl by Zitkala-Sa. Here as a returning student who has been assimilated to American ways, changes from a school girl back into her traditional culture: â€Å"I could speak English almost as well as my brother, but I was not properlyShow MoreRelatedEthnic Identity And Racial Identity866 Words   |  4 PagesEthnic identity remains one of the most extensively studied topics in the social sciences. The book â€Å"Studying Ethnic Identity† provides insight into the dynamic process that goes into the formation of ethnic-racial identity by psychological researchers. Ethnic and racial identity is a subject that is important to study because it has been associated with positive well-being, psychological distress, and academic attitudes (Rivas-Drake, Syed, et al, 2014; Smith Silva, 2011). Past research has triedRead MoreRacial Identity And Ethnic Identity863 Words   |  4 PagesPaper One My racial identity and ethnic identity are tied to my everyday experiences as an African American. I identify as African American or black because it’s my culture. I born by two black parents and grew up in a black household. Although I was often told by my parents that I’m black, I would say that the term â€Å"Black† was given to me before I even entered the world. The term â€Å"Black† was given to Africans by Europeans when they took us as slaves to the Americas. Ever since then, the one dropRead MoreRace And Ethnic Identity : Racial Identity1000 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 RACE AND ETHNIC IDENTITY In many perspectives, racial identities mean the differences in appearances of individuals especially with regards to the color of skin. Racial identities are mostly determined genetically or biologically. 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Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 144-151. doi: 10.1037/a0018668 (a) Contextual information about the purpose/intention of this study: Throughout theRead MoreRace Construction Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesEthnology Draft Racial constructions in the United States beyond white and black Race construction in the United States has been socially constructed since the founding of the republic. Racial differences and the development of various ethnic identities have been affected by the rigidity of racial categories in the United States, these include American Indian or Alaskan Native, black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Asian Pacific Islander, and white. The racial divide in the UnitedRead MoreCultural Identity And Ethnic Identity1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe models of cultural identity share most of the same mutual characteristic but the experiences each individual endure in life will have the individual thinking about their belief. 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The Transformation Of The Rev Dimmesdal Essay free essay sample

The Transformation Of The Rev. Dimmesdal Essay, Research Paper The Transformation of the Reverend Master Dimmesdale The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a authoritative novel that Tells the narrative of two fornicators, except in this history, merely one is punished publically. The other, although merely as guilty, is non exposed and hence remains held in high regard by the public oculus. As the unknown guilty party, the Reverend Dimmesdale non merely becomes a dissembler, but on the interior, he is lacerate apart. As Dimmesdale becomes more and more distraught over his place as the narrative progresses, his wellness and mental stableness begin to worsen. A survey of the character of the Reverend Master Dimmesdale throughout The Scarlet Letter will uncover the transmutation of his physical being and mental province of head from an honest, reputable, and nice looking immature sermonizer to a decrepit, deteriorated, and abusive reverend who had fallen from righteousness but returned to righteousness in the terminal. When Dimmesdale is foremost introduced, he is shown as a theoretical account of virtuousness. The duty of the fornicatress # 8217 ; soul # 8220 ; lies greatly within # 8221 ; Dimmesdale and Governor Bellingham entreaties to him # 8220 ; to cheer her penitence, and to confession, as a cogent evidence and effect thereof # 8221 ; ( 67 ) . This is dry in that Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s duty to Hester Prynne is twofold: as # 8220 ; her godly curate # 8221 ; ( 53 ) and as the unknown spouse and male parent to the kid. The curate pleads with the fornicatress to unwrap the fornicator, lest her spouse # 8220 ; add lip service to transgress # 8221 ; ( 68 ) , which is another sarcasm because he is adding the wickedness unto himself. That the curate is reprobating himself remains unobserved by the people, therefore his position as a reverent curate remains integral. Dimmesdale does non look once more until Chapter 8. Here, Hester has come to the sign of the zodiac to appeal to the Governor, that he non take the kid, Pearl. Dimmesdale is with Governor Bellingham every bit good as Reverend Wilson and Roger Chillingworth at the house. The writer says that Dimmesdale is # 8220 ; in close company with Chillingworth, a individual of great accomplishment in physic # 8230 ; [ and his ] doctor every bit good as friend of the immature minister. # 8221 ; ( 108 ) The author tells us that Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s wellness # 8220 ; had suffered badly, of late, by his excessively unreserved selflessness to the labours and responsibilities of the pastoral relation. # 8221 ; ( 108 ) Opportunity or necessity maps to do Arthur Dimmesdale Chillingworth # 8217 ; s patient, since the immature curate is diminishing in wellness, and since Chillingworth # 8217 ; s scientific aspirations make him a qualified doctor. Chillingworth # 8217 ; s equivocal standing, in comparing with the reverend # 8217 ; s pious repute, inspires the fold to believe that their reverent title-holder is fighting against a demonic agent. There are two dry facts here. One is that Dimmesdale has in fact wronged Chillingworth and the other is that the people # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; weather curate # 8221 ; is in fact warring his ain scruples judgment # 8220 ; from the somberness and panic in the deepnesss of the hapless curate # 8217 ; s eyes, the conflict was a sore one, and the triumph was any thing but secure! # 8221 ; ( 127 ) But, in the eyes of the perceivers, the fold, Dimmesdale is still a really righteous adult male. As a physician, Chillingworth senses that the beginning of Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s unwellness is non physical but instead # 8220 ; a unusual understanding betwixt psyche and body. # 8221 ; ( 136 ) This consequences in Chillingworth prosecuting his patient as the fornicator, for earlier in the narrative, Chillingworth had met Hester, his former married woman, in the prison. Here he told her that he would seek out her spouse and that # 8220 ; he shall be mine. # 8221 ; As Chillingworth continues his probe, he comments to Dimmesdale that some ugly weeds he found turning on a gravesight might be because of # 8220 ; some horrid secret that was buried with [ the asleep ] , [ that ] he had done better to squeal during his life-time, # 8221 ; ( 130 ) the bloodsucker was trying to do Dimmesdale interruption and confess. The curate does, for awhile, clasp and Chillingworth does non happen anything but good in the bosom of his patient. However, Dimmesdale was # 8220 ; swearing no adult male as his friend # 8230 ; [ and ] could non acknowledge his enemy when the latter really appeared. # 8221 ; ( 129 ) Therefore, at the terminal of Chapter 10, the # 8220 ; leech # 8221 ; discovers Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s secret ( # 8221 ; leech # 8221 ; has a dual significance: ( 1 ) . doctors were sometimes referred to as bloodsuckers, and ( 2 ) . bloodsuckers are animals that suck blood from animate beings as Chillingworth was # 8220 ; sucking # 8221 ; the truth from Dimmesdale ) . Today, one might mention to Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s unwellness as psychosomatic, and see his assignments with Chillingworth as Sessionss with a psychoanalyst. It is in the these Sessionss that the bloodsucker probes through his patient # 8217 ; s mind and finally determines the truth: Dimmesdale is non the pious reverend as everyone thinks, but in fact a atrocious evildoer. Dimmesdale has come to incarnate lip service. Still, Dimmesdale continues to conceal his wickedness from his fold. He makes efforts to expose himself, but can non of all time convey himself to confess straight. He tells the people that he is # 8220 ; the vilest of evildoers, # 8221 ; ( 142 ) but that merely increases their fear for him. Furthermore, they explain that the cause for his at hand decease is that the universe is no longer worthy of him ; Dimmesdale says that it is because he is merely no longer able to execute even the simplest missions that God gives him, one time once more avoiding stating the truth. Because of these things, # 8221 ; above all things else, he loathed his suffering ego! # 8221 ; ( 143 ) Many darks, the curate corsets awake and is haunted by visions of Hester and Pearl. He keeps vigils into the early hours of the forenoon. On one of these such darks, Dimmesdale makes his manner outside to the scaffold where, seven old ages before, Hester had stood # 8220 ; through her first hr of public ignominy. # 8221 ; ( 147 ) Thus # 8220 ; The Minister # 8217 ; s Vigil # 8221 ; begins ; in a # 8220 ; vain show of atonement, # 8221 ; ( 147 ) Dimmesdale goes through the actions of Hester # 8217 ; s exposure. Entirely in the dark, he ascends the scaffold. Upon the scaffold, he sees Reverend Wilson, who is returning from the deathbed of Governor Winthrop, but Wilson doesn # 8217 ; t halt. Finally, he his joined by his spouse and small Pearl, and some clip subsequently, Chillingworth, but merely at a distance. In the center of the dark, the missive A appears in the sky and Dimmesdale takes it to stand for criminal conversation. However, the following forenoon, a Sunday, the curate denies hearing of it, therefore avoiding the issue of his wickedness one time once more and go oning the fold # 8217 ; s love for him. Dimmesdale meets Hester in private one last clip in the wood. By this chapter, the reverend had undergone repentance, but he has non yet achieved repentance ; he has suffered, he has non been absolved. # 8220 ; Of repentance I have had adequate! Of repentance there has been none! Else, I should long ago have thrown off these garments of mock sanctity, and shown myself to mankind as they will see at the judgment-seat. # 8221 ; ( 190 ) While the jilted adult female is going a ballad saint, he is being overwhelmed by his unacknowledged wickedness. While she has liberated herself, he is still trapped between his desires and his vows. This brush in the forests between # 8220 ; the curate and his parishioner # 8221 ; threatens to reawaken their veiled passion. # 8220 ; What we did had a consecration of its ain, # 8221 ; ( 190 ) Hester tells Dimmesdale. Their meeting would floor and shock, if it was known, his loyal following. The two do programs to run off back to the Old World, but foremost the curate must finish his responsibility of prophesying the one-year Election Sermon. In the Election Sermon, Hawthorne brightly sets the phase for a shutting scene which releases the repressed dramatic suspense. At the terminal, merely as in the beginning, the townsfolk are present. The curate gathers the crowd together for what will be his confession as good as his farewell reference. The reverend calls Hester and Pearl to the scaffold with him. He re-ascends the scaffold, bares his chest, and exposes his ain vermilion missive ; Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s address is non so much a principle as an illustration. He at last publically acknowledges the wickedness that he has been concealing for so long. At this, Roger Chillingworth cried, # 8220 ; Thou hast escaped me! # 8221 ; ( 253 ) , for since Dimmesdale has eventually repented, the bloodsucker can non hold the curate # 8217 ; s psyche as he had so desired. Pearl busss Dimmesdale and a enchantment that has caused him internal wretchedness for so long is broken. Pearl # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; errand as a courier of torment was all fulfilled. # 8221 ; ( 254 ) Dimmesdale # 8217 ; s wickedness was eventually released in the minute he confessed publically the incorrect he had done. Dimmesdale had already suffered his penalty, and he volitionally yields up the life with its guilty load and his character is restored. By playing the dissembler, he has degraded his virtuousnesss into frailties, and must pay to a great extent for his expiation. As a consequence, a adult male that had fallen from uprightness, who had despised himself while populating a prevarication, becomes right with God and adult male. His farewell words are: # 8220 ; God knows ; and He is merciful! He hath proved his clemency, most of all, in my afflictions. By giving me this firing anguish to bear upon my chest! By conveying me hither, to decease this decease of exultant shame before the people! Had either of these torments been desiring, I had been lost for of all time! Praised be His name! His will be done! Farewell! # 8221 ; ( 254 ) At this, the one time deteriorated adult male is renewed in his trust in God. He proclaims that God is merciful and he does so with a passion that had long since been losing since the wickedness. Therefore, Dimmesdale eventually achieves repentance and is reconciled before God and adult male.